论民国时期江苏籍人士对东南亚华文教育的重要贡献

On the Contribution of Chinese Language Education in South-East Asia by Jiangsu People during the Republic of China

民国时期江苏省政治地位重要,经济实力雄厚,文化教育发达。这期间有三类江苏人与东南亚的华文教育关系密切:革命者亡命东南亚从教,其中有的人在国外暂避一段时间,又回到国内继续从事革命事业,有的人则终老东南亚;志愿者远赴东南亚支教,这类学历较高的专业教师,通过亲属乡邻关系,在东南亚传播中华文化,培养侨生的生存能力;当政者考察东南亚谋教,他们通过多方调研,帮助政府确定华文教育的大政方针,为华校的教材建设贡献心智。这三类人都对东南亚的华文教育作出了重要的贡献。

Jiangsu Province led the whole country in politics, economy and education during the Republic of China. Three kinds of people there were closely related to Chinese language education of Southeast Asia： firstly, the revolutionaries fled there and then were engaged in the education. Some of them lived there reclusive for a period and later returned to China to continue the revolutionary cause but some others just lived there until they died; secondly, the volunteers went to Southeast Asia to relieve the shortage of teachers there. Owning higher educational degree and with the help of their relatives, fellow countrymen and neigh- bors, these professional teachers, spread Chinese culture abroad and trained the surviving abilities of the overseas Chinese there ; thirdly, the officials inspected Southeast Asia in order to improve domestic education. By means of various investigations and re- searches, they aided the government to establish the fundamental policy of Chinese language education, and constructed the teaching materials in the local Chinese language education schools. They all made a significant contribution to the overseas Chi- nese language education.