水稻抗旱机理和抗旱育种研究进展

Advances in Researches on Drought Resistance(DR) Mechanisms and DR Rice Breeding

水资源短缺正成为制约中国水稻生产持续发展的重要因素,培育抗旱性强的水稻品种,不但能够节约水资源,而且有利于稳产增产、节约能源。日益深入的干旱胁迫响应基因及QTL定位研究的积累为进行抗旱育种提供了依据和基础。对水稻在干旱胁迫下的伤害机理和抗旱的分子机制以及水稻抗旱育种研究进展等方面进行了总结和综述,以期为今后进一步深入研究抗旱机理及抗旱育种提供理论依据。今后应加强对稻属抗旱基因资源的有效发掘、评价、创新和利用,进一步发挥抗旱分子标记辅助选择在抗旱育种实践中的作用,改良水稻根系,结合常规育种技术和现代生物技术,提高栽培稻的抗旱性。

The shortage of water resources is becoming one of the most significant factors inhibiting the development of rice production.Developing drought resistance rice varieties can not only save water in a large degree but also increase and stabilize rice yield,and economize energy.Large amount of researches on drought-responsive genes and QTL mapping provide firm foundation for DR breeding of rice.The paper summarized the impacts of drought on rice growth,drought resistance mechanisms of rice and progress on rice breeding of drought resistance etc.,and it could provide valuable reference for further studies and breeding.In the future,much more work should be done in practical application of QTLs for MAS drought resistance breeding,exploration and utilization of elite genetic resource from wild germplasm,root system development and producing highly adapted rice varieties with common breeding techniques and modern biological technologies.