中国东方蜜蜂亚种学名订正及生物地理学研究

Revision of the Scientific Name on Subspecies of Apis cerana F. in China and Studies on Biogeography

为明确已认可的中国东方蜜蜂亚种和地理种群,确定一个地方良种提供依据。从中国蜂业生产发展的需要出发,利用东方蜜蜂形态测量和分子数据分析研究。结果表明:自1944年以来,中国东方蜜蜂(Apis ceranaF.)已确立有13个亚种,按国际动物命名法规,1970年以后东方蜜蜂的三名法(亚种名)不再具有法律效力,亚种的拉丁学名均系异名,不能再用;东方蜜蜂形态测量研究表明,中国东部地理种群是中华亚种,云南南部地理种群是印度亚种,云南南部地理种群和阿坝种群可以区分,但不能区分云南南部、海南和西藏的东方蜜蜂地理种群;分子数据分析研究表明,中国的东方蜜蜂线粒体DNA单倍型(基因型)和印度、日本、朝鲜一样,都同属亚洲大陆组并无分化。并证实甘肃南部和四川北部阿坝的单倍型(基因型)最为丰富,东方蜜蜂的阿坝地理种群应有存在。

For the development of apiculture of China, it need to be defined the approved subspecies and geographic populations of Apis cerana F., and present the scientific data to determine the local fine breed of bees. The subspecies were studied with the morphological measurement and molecular data of Apis cerana F.. The results showed that thirteen putative subspecies names （trinomials names） of Ap;s cerana F. have been established in China since 1944, the trinomials （subspecies） of Apis cerana F., which published since 1970, were not valid under modern ICZN rules, 4th edition, 1999 and according to nomenclatural standing in Apis classification. The morphometric analysis of Apis cerana F. in China showed that the ＂~Chinese Eastern race＂ belonging to ＂Apis cerana cerana＂ and the ＂South Yunnan race＂ being ＂Apis cerana indica＂, the ＂South Yunnan race＂ and the ＂Aba race＂ （Aba cerana） could be discriminated. However, this analysis failed to discriminate among ＂South Yunnan race＂ （Apis cerana indica）, ＂Hainan race＂ （Hainan cerana） and ＂Tibet race＂ （Tibet cerana）. Molecular analyses revealed that the mitochondrial genotypes of Apis cerana F. were the same as that of all sample originated from India, Japan and Korea without variation and belonging to ＂Mainland Asia＂ group of Apis cerana. It was approved that there were abundance for mitochondrial genotypes of Apis cerana F. in Southern Gansu and Northern Aba area. It could be said certainly that in China the members of ＂Aba race＂ （Aba cerana） was existence.