论欧盟食品安全管制中的预防原则

On the Precautionary Principle in EU Food Safety Regulations

食品安全问题在我国已经成为一个重要且亟待解决的问题。食品科技的进步,在缓解了人类社会食品匮乏问题的同时,也给人类健康带来许多未知的、隐蔽的和长期的风险,例如转基因食品、各种添加剂等。面对这些问题,发端于环境法领域的预防原则(the precautionary principle)开始被运用于食品安全领域,欧盟在此方面实施最为彻底。预防原则将食品安全认定为国家公共利益的重要组成部分,当可能有不确定的风险产生时,国家有绝对的义务采取必要措施。欧盟的实践表明,预防原则的确立有助于恢复公众对于食品安全的信心。欧盟对于食品安全所主张的风险预防,以及基于此一原则所建立的相关食品安全制度,值得我国政府在未来食品安全立法中参考。

Food safety issues in our country has become an important and urgent problem. When the progresses in food science and tech-nology solved the food shortage problems, it also bring to human health the unknown, hidden and long-term risk, such as genetically modified foods, a variety of additives issues. For dealing with these problems, the precautionary principle has been applied and gradually is taken serious- ly; the European Union （EU） is the model in this regard to the implementation. The precautionary principle take food safety as an important part of the national public interest, when there may be uncertainty of risk, the state has the absolute obligation to take the necessary measures. EU practice shows that the precautionary principle established to help restore public confidence in food safety. This principle and rules based on it which used by EU on food safety risk prevention is worth our government in reference to future legislation on food safety regulation.