贾宝玉“梦游太虚”悲剧意蕴的多重解读

Multiple Interpretations on the Tragic Significance of Jia Baoyu's "Day-dreaming in the Great Void Dreamland"

《红楼梦》第五回贾宝玉的"太虚幻境"之梦,是全书之中一大关键之梦,对整部作品具有提纲挈领的作用。从原型与母题的角度解读,曹雪芹承续和创新了"神女"原型和"仙游"母题,体现出他试图拯救灵魂与超越现实的努力;贾宝玉在梦中受到惊吓而醒来,则寓示着他的人生理想的破灭。从社会伦理学的角度阐释,贾宝玉梦中与秦可卿的虚拟化乱伦行为,映射出贾府中贾珍等人的现实性乱伦现象,揭露了贾府乃至当时整个社会伦理失序、道德沦丧的现状,预示了必然走向衰败的贾府家族悲剧与封建社会悲剧。从语言符号学的角度分析,以"太虚幻境"为核心的空间符号系统和以"千红一窟"、"万艳同杯"为核心的命运符号系统,表达出对"红颜薄命"的悲剧命运的伤怀与悲悯。

Jia Baoyu＇s daydreaming in ＂the Great Void Dreamland＂ in the fifth chapter of The Dream of Red Mansion, a key plot in the book, plays an important role to the whole work with the main points. Explained from the point of view of the prototype motif theory, Cao Xueqin had inherited and innovated the Fairy prototype and Immortal motif, which reflected his efforts of attempting to rescue the soul and transcend the reality. But Jia Baoyu was frightened and woke up in the dream, which implied that his ideal life had been failed. Interpreted from the perspective of social ethics, the virtual incestuous behavior between Jia Baoyu and Qin Keqing in the dream, mirrored the phenomenon of real incest of Jia Zhen etc. in the Jia Mansion, disposed the current situation of ethic disorder and moral decay in the Jia Mansion along with the social, and predicted the inevitable decay of the extended family of the Jia Mansion and the feudal society. Analyzed from the theory of language semiotics, the spatial symbol system with the core of the ＂Great Void Dreamland＂ and the fate symbol system with the core of ＂Thousand Red Flowers in One Cavern＂ and ＂Ten Thousand Beauties in One Cup＂, expressed the author＇s sorrow and grief over the tragic fate of those beau- tiful flowers （women） in the feudal family.