国际投资领域中的“国民待遇”解析——两个典型案例的比较分析与改革思考

Analysis of “National Status”In the Field of International Investment —Comparative Analysis and Reflection on the Reform Based on Two Typical Cases

世界贸易组织(WTO)体系与投资协定领域中的"国民待遇"条款存在差异,国际投资争端解决中心(ICSID)仲裁庭在援引WTO规则时存在不同的解释方法,加上仲裁庭拥有较大的自由裁量权,导致国际投资仲裁的裁决存在不一致性,使ICSID等国际仲裁机构效力下降。投资仲裁中关于"国民待遇"解释的分歧,主要在于怎样用"竞争"概念来确定外国投资者与本国经营者是否处于"相似情形"。ICSID的权威性已经受到挑战,投资仲裁急需改革;应在WTO体系下建立统一的多边国际投资规则,使仲裁庭在援引WTO相关规则时能做出准确的、统一的解释。

There is difference of ＂National Status＂ between World Trade Organization （WTO） system and investment agreement field, there are different explanation methods when an arbitral court of International Center for Settlement of Investment Dispute （ICSID） uses WTO rules, and in addition, the arbitral court has big free ruling right, which result in the inconsistency of the decision of international investment arbitration and which make the efficacy of international arbitral agencies such as ICSID and so on decrease. The difference on ＂National Status＂ in investment arbitration mainly focuses on how to use the concept of ＂competition＂ to determine whether a foreign investor and a local investor are in ＂similar condition＂, as a result, the authority of ICSID has been challenged, the investment arbitration urgently needs to be reformed and a universal multilateral international investment rule under WTO system should be established so that the arbitral court can makes accurate and uniform explanation when the related WTO rules are used.