知觉的身体相关性及其认识论意义——兼论中国传统认识论思想的现代意义

The Correlation Between Perception and Body as Well as its Significance in Epistemology:Also on Modern Significance of Traditional Chinese Thinking in Epistemology

在以"客观思维"为特征的西方传统哲学中,由于身体的被"遗忘",知觉被看做在感觉基础上形成结构性对象的过程。柏格森、梅洛.庞蒂等人由于注意到了知觉的身体相关性,揭示了形成境域性对象的可能性,但同时认为,境域性对象并非合适的认知对象。中国传统哲学注重对事物整体性的认识和把握,境域性对象是哲学讨论的核心。作为认识对象,境所朝向的是客体的整体性、质性,"知性"构架由以阴阳五行模式为范例的功能性模型来充任。相对境的认识论,西方传统认识论(以康德哲学为典型形态)则是量的认识论。毫无疑问,这两种认识论应该是互补的关系。

Due to the forgetting of body in traditional Western philosophy, characterized by objectified think- ing, perception is conceived as the process of forming structural objects on the basis of sensations. By focusing on the correlation between perception and body, Henri Bergson and Merleau-Ponty reveal the possibility of forming hori- zontal objects which are unfit for cognition. However, Chinese traditional philosophy emphasizes the wholeness of things, and horizontal objects become the core of philosophical discussions. As the objects of cognition ,horizontal objects are open to the wholeness and quality of objects while the structure of understanding is replaced by the func- tional schema of Ying Fang and Wu Xing. There are two kinds of epistemology ： one of horizon in Chinese philoso- phy, the other of quantity in traditional western philosophy （ typical in Kant＇s philosophy） and these two need to complement each other.