杜诗“他日”考

A Research on "Ta Ri" in Du Fu's Poems

不同注家对杜诗中"他日"一词的理解存在很大分歧,甚至是在同一首诗中解释也可能完全不同,以至于相反。"他日"一词最早大约是出自《左传》,有三种基本含义,但是各个含义在文献中出现的频率并不相同。到了唐代,"他日"一词的含义主要是指"将来"——相对于诗人作诗那一刻的将来。杜诗中"他日"一词的含义就是如此,指向杜甫作诗那一刻的将来。杜甫以后一千多年中"他日"一词的用法大体如是。

Different authors think differently about ta ri （literarily,the other day） in Du Fu＇s poems. Even in the same poetry, their opinions may be against each other. The word ta ri probably first appeared in Tso Chuan by Zuo Qiuming with three basic meanings. However, the frequency of every meaning being used varied from time to time. Ta ri was mainly explained as the future-the moment Du Fu composed the poem would come. So, ta ri in Du Fu＇s poems was used in this way, that is to say, a certain future moment. Generally speaking,it has been used like this during the later thousand years after Du Fu.