烟酸缺乏症的临床及研究现状

Clinical and research status of niacin deficiency

烟酸缺乏症是由烟酸缺乏引起的一组临床症候群,与营养不良、酗酒、药物、感染及肿瘤等多种因素有关。可累及皮肤、胃肠道及脑。典型临床表现为皮疹、腹泻和痴呆,但大部分患者只表现其中一种或两种,且临床表现多样。早期症状轻微,可能只出现非特异症状,容易漏诊和误诊。

Deficiency of niacin is the etiology of pellagra, which can be caused by many factors such as malnutrition, alcoholism, drugs, infections and tumors. For the patient of pellagra, many systems could be involved. Brain, gut and skin are the three most often involved systems. Pellagra is associated with a classic triad： dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, which is well known by the mnemonic ＂the 3D＇s＂. Hovever, it is more common for a patient of Pellagra to present with one or two clinical symptoms, and diverse manifestations could be presented. It is not easy to diagnose when early symptoms are subtle or non-specific.