环境介质中高氯酸盐污染及微生物修复技术研究进展

A Review on Pollution Status and Microbial Remediation Technologies of Perchlorate in the Environmental Medium

高氯酸盐(ClO4-)是一种有毒的无机阴离子,其环境污染问题引起了广泛关注,控制与修复高氯酸盐污染环境成为新的研究热点,其中微生物修复技术最具应用前景。国外已开展环境中高氯酸盐污染现状的调查工作,利用微生物修复技术去除高氯酸盐取得了一定的成果,但我国的相关研究较少。文章综述了近年来国内外高氯酸盐的污染现状及微生物修复高氯酸盐的最新研究进展。由于高氯酸盐的高水溶性和低吸附性,当前研究最多的是高氯酸盐水体污染,这些水体通过饮用水(源水)或食物链直接或间接地对人类健康造成影响。在微生物修复方面,从有机电子供体,无机电子供体(H2、Fe0等),电子受体(O2、NO3-、SO24-)及微生物的生长环境因素(pH值、温度、氧化还原电位、盐度)等方面总结了各因素对微生物修复技术去除高氯酸盐效果的影响,以期为我国开展微生物处理技术在高氯酸盐污染修复领域的实践应用提供参考。

Perchlorate （Cl04- ） is a toxic inorganic anion, and its environmental pollution problem has attracted wide attention. Control and restoration of perchlorate-contaminated environments has become a new research hotspot. Microbial remediation technologies are the most promising technologies to reduce perchlorate pollution. Studies of perchlorate pollution status have already been carried out and the bioremediation technologies of perchlorate in the environment have shown some success abroad. Environmental problems of perchlorate also exist in China, but few studies have been reported. This paper reviews the most recent research progress of perchlorate pollution status and the microbial remediation technologies worldwide. Due to its high water solubility and low adsorption, water pollution of perchlorate is the hotspot in current studies. Polluted waters have a direct or indirect influence on human health through drinking water （source water） or the food chain. In microbial remediation, the factors influencing the efficiency of removing perchlorate are illustrated in terms of electron donor organic carbon/ electron donor （acetate etc. ）, inorganic electron donor （H2, Fe etc. ） , electron acceptor （ 02, NOx, SO- ） and the environmental factors favorable for microbial growth （pH, temperature, salinity, redox potential ）.Collectively, this gives the theoretical basis for the practical application of microbial remediation technologies in the restoration field of perchlorate-contaminated environments.