应对气候变化措施同WTO原则的冲突——理论与实证分析

Conflicts between Trade-related Climatic Measures and the WTO Principle——A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

与贸易有关的环境措施在GATT/WTO法律层面持续引起学者们对贸易与环境问题的激烈争论。而气候变化博弈中,WTO成员方采取应对气候变化的单边措施,可能违反了WTO的非歧视原则和其他若干规则。对从未做出碳减排承诺的国家进口的产品征收反补贴税可能违反SCM协定,TRIPs协定很难成功适用于气候友好型技术的转让与应用之中,这都是气候变化下WTO争端问题凸显的主因。本文通过探讨碳关税等应对气候变化措施与WTO的一致性,对GATT/WTO关于贸易与环境的争端解决案例进行解读,探寻气候变化下WTO争端解决的未来走向,对我国频发的贸易摩擦提出应对策略。

Trade-related environmental measures continue to give rise to heated debate on issue of trade vs environment at the law level of GATT /WTO.In the game of climate change,WTO members may adopt unilateral measures to deal with climate change,in violation of WTO Principle of Non-discrimination and a number of rules.For instance,it may be violating the SCM Agreement to levy compensating duties on products imported from those members of WTO never making carbon emission reduction commitments.It is difficult for the TRIPs agreement to be applied in the transfer and application of climate-friendly technology.In addition,climate change issues highlight the WTO dispute settlement.By probing the consistency between climate change-related measures such as carbon-emission on the one hand tariff and the WTO on the other hand,this paper is intended for expounding the case study of trade and environment dispute settlement concerning climate change under GATT/WTO,exploring the future orientation of WTO dispute settlement under the climate change and propoing counter-measures against China’s frequent trade clashes.