体制、创造性与高等教育——从苏联经验看中央集权体制下如何实现创造

Political System,Creativity and Higher Education——Looking for the Way to Realization of Creation under the Centralization Politic System from the Experience of Former Soviet Union

新中国60多年教育历史中没有培养出诺贝尔科学奖获得者,钱学森院士临终前担心中国出不了创新人才。有人认为这是由高度中央集权的政治体制造成。可是,作为中国政治体制先驱的苏联,在体制存在的80多年历史中,却获得了9项诺贝尔奖,诸多科技领域走在世界前列。这不能不归功于它的高等教育。苏联的经验表明,即使是在高度中央集权的政治体制下,只要能让高等教育保留相对的自由空间,高校就能在有限的范围内实现其创造天职。同时,文化传统中对普适价值的不懈追求,也是成就高校创造职能的基本前提。

No educated people has won the Nobel scientific prize in more than 60 years in China alter 1949, and a- cademician Qian Xuesen worried about that China could not have the innovational talented person just before his dying. Some people thought this is led by the highly centralization political system. But, as the pioneer of political system of Chi- na, Soviet Union had won 9 items of Nobel prizes in the 80years of the past, and it walked in the front row in the many science and technical domains in the world. This has to give credit to its higher education. The experience of former Soviet Union＇s shows, that even in highly centralized political system, as long as that higher education can reserve limited freedom, universities and colleges can achieved their creational duty within a limited range. Meanwhile, that people had been pursuing traditionally to general value in the cultural, also is the basic premise to achieve the creational function in universities.