论我国立法和司法对法定外在标准的过度依赖——以我国医疗损害责任鉴定与诉讼实践为例

Excessive Deference to Statutory Provisions and Professional Practice in Chinese Law——The Case of“Liability for Medical Damage”

我国法中存在着在侵权法问题的判定上过度依赖"法律法规"、"行业标准"和"诊疗规范"的倾向。这些"外在"标准替代了法官对法律"内在"规则的审视和适用。行业标准替代了法律标准。比如,在医疗过失判定标准上,法官过度依赖"诊疗规范",忽视了基本法律标准——注意义务违反说和"合理医生"标准——的探寻和适用。我国法应纠正此种现象,注意对法律规则,比如医疗过失和因果关系判定规则的细心构建,以给法官具体指导。"法律法规"、"行业标准"和"诊疗规范"在侵权法中是判定过失的重要标准,但不是终局性和根本性标准。

There is a tendency in Chinese law to excessively defer to statutory provisions, professional practice and clinical guidelines when examining key tort issues. External standards are used as substitutes for legal standards. For example, in establishing medical negligence, courts usually pay excessive deference to professional guidelines and fail to cite and apply the legal standards, such as the theory of breach of the duty of care and the ＂reasonable doctor＂ standard. Chinese law needs to pay more attention to construction, improvement and application of legal principles and rules, and provide judges with more detailed guidance. Statutory provisions, professional practice and clinical guidelines are very importam evidence in tort law, but they are not conclusive in establishing negligence.