医疗损害证明责任分配规则研究

Allocation of Onus Probandi in Medical Malpractice

证明责任在医疗损害赔偿纠纷中发挥着风险分配的重要作用,我国近十年的立法充分利用证明责任分配规则来体现立法政策的转变。早期立法体现的证明责任倒置规则导致了大量的非合理性医疗行为,这在更大范围内损害患者的利益。《侵权责任法》矫正了这种倾向,《侵权责任法》根据各种具体情形,规定了更为详细的归责要件,相应地,证明责任分配规则也更加详细具体,较好地分配了医疗风险,平衡了医患双方的诉讼负担。

Onus probandi in medical malpractice disputes plays an important role of risk allocation, which has been fully used to embody the transformation of legislative policy in China in the past ten years. The inversion of the burden of proof in early legislation has led to a large number of irrational medical practices, which have greatly damaged patients＇ interests.. Chinese Tort Law corrected this tendency. According to various specific situations, the Tort law provides elements of Liability in more details. Accordingly, allocation of onus probandi in medical malpractice is more detailed and specific, which properly distributes the medical risks and balances the burden of litigation between doctors and patients as well.