基于PSO的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由协议

Unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on PSO algorithm

提出并分析了一种能量均衡的集中式非均匀分簇路由协议EBUCP(energy-balanced unequal clusteringprotocol),本协议采用非均匀分簇和簇间多跳路由有机结合的方式。应用PSO算法,EBUCP选择一组最佳节点担任簇头并将网络划分为大小不等的簇,不仅最小化簇头和簇成员的距离以减小簇内通信能耗,同时使得距离基站较近的簇具有较小的几何尺寸来平衡不同位置簇头的能耗。EBUCP根据节点剩余能量和节点与基站距离确定簇间多跳路由,每个簇头在所有簇头集合中运用贪婪算法选择其中继节点。仿真实验结果表明,与LEACH和PSO-C协议比较,EBUCP的网络生存周期明显延长,能耗均衡性能更好。

This paper proposed and analyzed the energy-balanced unequal clustering protocol （EBUCP） for wireless sensor networks. EBUCP combined the unequal clustering mechanism with inter-cluster multihop routing properly to balance the energy dissipation among the nodes and prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. By using the PSO algorithm, EBUCP partitioned all nodes into clusters of unequal size, in which the clusters closer to the base station had smaller size. The cluster heads of these clusters could preserve some more energy for the inter-cluster relay traffic and the ＂hot-spots＂ problem could be avoided. For inter-cluster communication, EBUCP adopted an energy-aware multihop routing to reduce the energy consumption of the cluster heads. Simulation results demonstrate that the protocol can balance the energy consumption of all nodes and prolong the network lifetime more efficiently compared with LEACH and PSO-C protocols.