小儿晕厥的病因及分类

Classification and Causes of Syncope in Children

晕厥是由多种潜在原因引起的一种临床症状。近几年的研究对其发病机制有了进一步的深化,晕厥发生的原因分为心源性和非心源性。前者更严重,属器质性病变;后者更常见,属功能性心血管疾病,以自主神经介导性晕厥最为常见,主要是由于调节机制中的某个环节出现异常,使心率、血压及中心血容量三者的协调关系失衡所致。其中最为常见的是血管迷走性晕厥,同时要注意和体位性心动过速相区别。

Syncope is a clinical symptom caused by a variety of potential reasons. In recent years, with the further deepening studies of its pathogenesis, the reasons are divided into cardiac and non-cardiac. The cardiac related syncope is more serious, which is organic disease. The non-cardiac related syncope belonging to functional cardiovascular disease is more common. Among the latter ones, the autonomic nervous system mediated syncope is the most common, which is mainly because a link in the adjustment mechanism become abnormal that the coordination of the heart rate, the blood pressure, and the central blood volume become irabalanced. The most common is vasovagal syncope,which should be distinguished from the postural orthostatic tachycardia.