科学与良知之争——以“科玄”论战为中心

The Debate between Science and Conscience

作为"五四"新文化运动的延伸,"科玄"论战的主题由新旧文化的核心范畴良知与科学之争得以确定。玄学派试图通过划界方式,主动将"知"划归科学,以图保留良知之"良("仁)性。这个策略一方面背离了仁知统一的儒家良知传统,使良知失去了"知"这个根基。另一方面,科学派趁势追击,以理智破除直觉、情感,以因果律破除自由意志,以科学之知破除良知之"良("仁)性,从而使良知既失"知"性也失"良("仁)性,良知彻底破产。如何在科学时代重建新良知,这无疑是科学与良知之争给中国哲学界留下的难题与重要理论财富。

As the extension of the May 4th Movement, the subject theme of the Debate between Science and Metaphysics was de- termined by the Debate between Science and Conscience. The Groups of Metaphysics tried to put knowledge under Science for retaining the goodness of Conscience by delimiting a boundary line. On the one hand, this strategy deviated from Confucianist tradition of union between knowledge and conscience, and knowledge was departed from Conscience; on the other hand, the Groups of Science attacked intuition and feeling with reason, attacked free will with the law of causality, and attacked the good- ness of conscience with scientific knowledge. Thus, Conscience lost both the goodness and knowledge, and came to naught. How to rebuild new conscience in scientific times.＇？ This is a difficult question and involves important theoretical wealth which was handed down to Chinese philosophy by the Debate between Science and Conscience.