宪法实施状况的评价方法及其影响

Assessment Method of the State of Constitutional Implementation and Its Influence

本文从全面和系统地分析目前国内外宪法学界对宪法实施的研究状况出发,指出当下宪法实施理论研究方面存在的问题主要在于没有准确地界定宪法实施概念的性质,以及没有对宪法实施建立起一套科学和合理的分析系统。作者认为,从理论来看,宪法实施是使静态宪法变成动态宪法,宪法实施概念所要解决的主要理论问题是"行动中的宪法",但是宪法实施是一个集主观评价与客观实践于一体的复杂现象,必须要在认真分析宪法实施对象的特征,并在此基础上做出分门别类研究,对实施可能性做出区别对待基础上,才能进行科学的分析;从实践来看,宪法实施概念具有很强的目的性,需要解决特定的宪法问题,因此,离开了具体目的性的指引,纯粹的抽象意义上的宪法实施,在实践中,不仅不利于树立宪法本身的权威形象,相反还会严重影响宪法作为根本法自身所具有的科学性和规范性。

Based on comprehensively and systematically analyzing the current research by overseas and domestic constitutional academy field on constitutional implementation, this article points out the fact that the main problems in theoretical research on constitutional implementation are lack of precise definition of the con- cept of constitutional implementation and no scientific and reasonable analytical system of constitutional imple- mentation being set up. The author believes that, from a theoretical perspective, constitutional implementation makes a static constitution become a dynamic constitution and the main theoretical problem of the concept of constitutional implementation awaiting solutions is the ＂constitution in dynamics＂. However, constitutional im- plementation is a complex phenomenon which integrates subjective assessment with objective practices, and thus the scientific analyses must be conducted on the basis of doing differential research through critically ana- lyzing and systematically classifying the characteristics of object of constitutional implementation and dealing with the possibility of implementation differentially. From a practical perspective, the concept of constitutional implementation has a clear purpose and specific constitutional problems need to be solved. Therefore, without the guide of concrete purpose, the constitutional implementation in pure abstract in practice is not only unfa- vorable to setting up the authoritative image of the constitution per se, but also significantly influences the sci- entific and normative nature embodied in the constitution as fundamental law per se.