基于正演模型的地震处理技术保幅性分析与评价

Model-based relative-amplitude-preserved estimation methods and application of seismic processing technology

目前在地震资料处理技术的相对保幅性评价方面,还缺少行之有效的方法。实际资料由于受到噪声和地表变化等因素的影响,不确定因素比较多,对处理技术的相对保幅性难以进行定量评价。针对这种情况,提出了基于正演模型的振幅曲线统计法、残差法、AVO属性分析法和振幅比法等4种保幅性评价方法,即利用正演数据,在影响因素比较单一的条件下,采用相应的保幅性评价方法,对比分析了处理前后正演数据的变化,对几何扩散补偿、预测反褶积和地表一致性振幅补偿处理技术的保幅性进行了评价。速度场精度对几何扩散补偿处理的相对保幅性有较大影响,采用准确的速度是提高处理保幅性的基础。预测反褶积虽然能提高分辨率,但相对保幅性较差,实际资料处理时应结合井资料进行细致的参数分析,提高处理的相对保幅性。对于地表一致性振幅补偿处理,参与运算的炮数越多,处理结果的相对保幅性越好,实际资料处理时,应该利用尽可能多的数据进行运算。

Now, there are few effective methods in the relative amplitude preserved estimation of seismic processing technology. It is difficult to evaluate the amplitude-preserved feature using real seismic data, which are affected by many factors such as noise, surface condition, and so on. Based on model data, four kinds of amplitude-preserved estimation methods are proposed, including amplitude statistics curve, residual difference, amplitude ratio and AVO attribute-preserved method. In addition, using model data, the amplitude-preserved features of some key processing techniques are estimated by means of methods mentioned above. By the estimation result, processing parameters and flows can be optimized for geometrical spread compensation, predictive deconvolution and surface consistent amplitude compensation techniques. In consequence, the research is very useful for the improvement of amplitude-preserved of seismic processing results.