王韬近代资产阶级改革方案浅析

Studies on Wang Tao's Early Modern Chinese Bourgeois Reform Program

作为"中国新闻之父",王韬不仅创立了近代中国人独立创办的第一份日报《循环日报》,并且作为报纸的"主笔"在报纸上大量发表政论文倡导近代资产阶级改革。他明确指出中国应"变法自强",借西方之法达到中国富强的目的。他所提出的方案,主要涉及政治、经济、军事、外交等四个方面:在政治上,应建立议会制度,实行君主立宪;在经济上,发展经济贸易,增强国家实力;在军事上,应进行军事改革,实现军事强国;在外交上,应该派遣驻外使节,并以实力助力外交。他以西方文化为镜审视中国封建社会,发现了当时社会存在的一系列弊端,并以西方文化为参照,制定了一套完整的中国近代资产阶级全面改革的方案,通过报纸的发行广为传播,其影响力不可低估。

As the father of Chinese journalism, Wang Tao not only established Xunhuan Daily, the first daily created by Chinese, but also wrote a lot of political essays to advocate the early modern bourgeois reform. He pointed out that China should initiate political reform in quest for national strength, using the western technology to attain the goal of establishing a powerful and prosperous China. His reform program referred to four aspects： in political, Qing government should establish a parliamentary system and constitutional monarchy; in economy, the government should develop trade and economy to strengthen national strength; in military, the government should carry out comprehensive military reform to increase military power; in diplomacy, the government should send diplomatic envoys, and boost diplomatic with national power. Using the western culture as a minor to study the Chinese feudal society, he found a series of drawbacks, so he developed an overall early modern Chinese bourgeois reform program with the western culture as a reference, whose influence could never be underestimated.