鱼类对水动力环境变化的行为响应特征

Fish behavior characteristics in response to change of hydrodynamic environment

介绍鱼类感觉水流运动特征的器官——侧线系统,分析鱼类侧线系统在感受水流速度、加速度、压力和振动源方面的功用,以了解鱼类感知水流运动特征的生理机理。为探求鱼类感觉水流运动特征后的响应模式,进行了水流流速、紊动以及切应力对鱼类行为影响的试验,并讨论水流紊动和切应力对鱼类的伤害。介绍了研究鱼类对水动力响应的新方法——SVP假设。在描述和分析鱼类与水流运动关系试验方法和流程的基础上,提出研究鱼类对水动力特征响应的关键是找到合适的指标,来耦合鱼类能够感觉到的水动力因素和水流运动特征量。

This paper introduces the lateral line system, which is a system of sensory organs in fish, used to detect the features of water movement. In order to study the physiological mechanism of the lateral line system, the capability of the lateral line system to detect water velocity, acceleration, pressure, and the source of vibration was analyzed. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of water velocity, turbulence, and shear stress on the behaviors of fish, in order to explore the response patterns of fish. The fish injuries caused by turbulence and shear stress are also discussed in this paper. In addition, the SVP hypothesis, a new method to study the behaviors of fish in response to the hydrodynamic environment, is introduced. Based on the description and analysis of the methods used to determine the relationship between fish behaviors and water movement, we draw the conclusion that to study the fish behaviors in response to the hydrodynamic environment, it is essential to work out an appropriate metric for coupling the hydrodynamic factors and the characteristics of water movement.