早期护理干预对早产儿智能发育的促进作用

Early intervention on improving intellectual development of premature infants

目的通过早期护理干预,促进早产儿发育,改善早产儿的预后。方法将105例早产儿随机分为干预组(53例)和非干预组(52例)。干预组从新生儿期开始接受全身抚触指导、新生儿神经行为测评(NBNA)、视听觉训练和运动训练、智能训练等早期干预。于小儿纠正年龄18个月和24个月进行Bayley婴儿量表测评。比较两组精神发育指数(MDI)和运动发育指数(PDI)。结果纠正年龄18个月和24个月时干预组MDI比非干预组分别高14分和15分(P<0.001)。干预组PDI较非干预组分别高4分和5分,但其意义无显著性(P>0.05)。非干预组中出现智力低下4例(7.8%),干预组中无1例智力低下。结论早期护理干预可以促进早产儿智能发育,有利于防治其智力低下。

Objective To improve intellectual development of premature infants by early healthcare intervention. Methods 105 premature infants （gestational age（37 weeks） were randomly assigned to early interventional （53 cases） and conventional care （52 cases） groups. Perinatal conditions were of no significant difference between the two premature infant groups. Sex, parents educational background, environmental conditions and physical developments were of no significant difference among these 2 groups. The infants of early interventional group received guide of whole body touching, visual and hearing exercise, newborn neurobehaviour access and intelligence training. Mental dev.elopment index （MDI） and Psychomotor Development index （PDI） were tested at the corrected age of 18 and 24 months in the two groups using Bailly infant development scale. Results At the corrected age of 18 and 24 months average scores of mental development indexes （MDI） in early interventional group were 14 and 15, respectively, higher than those in conventional care group （P （0. 001）. There were 4 cases （7.8 % ） who were mentally retarded in conventional care group but none in early interventional group. Conclusions The results show that the early healthcare intervention could promote intellectual development of premature infants and be of benefit to the prevention of mental retardation.