有关中国东南沿海土地资源调查研究的几点思考

Several considerations on land resources survey-research in south-east seaside region of China

我国东南沿海土地资源可分为五大类、四大区。过去 ,中国东南沿海土地利用与调查存在的问题有 :耕地面积锐减 ,土地资源利用程度有待提高 ,土地质量退化 (水土流失、滨海土壤盐渍化 ,水稻土潜育化及次生潜育化 ,土地污染严重等 ) ,土地资源调查结果有待更新。新一轮国土资源综合调查 (1:2 5万 )的内容有 :成土因素 ,土地利用类型、土地覆盖现状与发展态势 ,土地适宜性 ,土壤化学等 ;专项调查 (1:5万 )的内容有 :盐渍土 ,侵蚀土 (水土流失 ) ,土壤环境质量 ,农业土壤地质等。重点研究内容应为 :水土保持措施与土地灾害的防治 ;盐土改良、滩涂综合治理、开发模式及其应用 ;矿集区土壤生态环境负效应及其恢复整治对策 ;沿海平原和三角洲地区岩土水生系统物质能量循环机理及其生理生态效应 ;土地利用类型时空分布、演化监 (预 )测系统等。最后 ,作者还对土地资源调查的方案作了初步的论述。

Land resources in South-east seaside region of China are devided into 5 types and 4 provinces.In the past,the problems about land utilization and survey in this region include:cultivated land area decreases rapidly,land resources utilization degree has much room for improvement ,land quality is degraded(soil eroded,land soilsalinized,rice soil gleyed and secondarily gleyed,land pollution aggravated),the overoomes of land resources surey are to be moderated.The contents of synthetic survey research during the newly nation land resources survey(1:250000)are :land-factors,land utilization types,vegetation cover status and developing situation,land adapability,soil chemistry.The contents of special survey (1:50000)are :the investigation of saline soil,erosion soil,soil environment quality,soil agriculture chemistry.The key of survey-research are :water-soil protection measures and land hazards prevention and administer,saline soil improvement and intertidal zone synthetic administer exploitation and utilization eco-environment negative effects and its recovery and control policy in mining concentration area,cyclic mechanism of matter-energy and physiological effect about rocksoilwater ecosystem.Space-time distribution and evolution monitoring(prediction) system about the types of land utilization inseaside plain and delta region.Finally,the writers primarily argue the policies of land resources survey.