小麦糊粉层发育研究

Research on the development of wheat aleurone layer

小麦的表层胚乳会形成糊粉层,在颖果发育过程中,糊粉层将灌浆物质转运到胚和胚乳细胞内部。选用发育不同阶段的小麦颖果,树脂包埋后结合半薄切片技术和超薄切片技术观察其糊粉层显微结构和超微结构,采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析技术研究糊粉层细胞的表观形态及相关元素定性半定量分析,在胚乳细胞转化为糊粉层细胞的成因、发育过程和功能等诸多方面进行深入研究。结果表明:小麦糊粉层发育过程可划分为5个阶段,成熟后的糊粉层细胞富含大量的蛋白、脂类和P、K、Ca、Mg等矿质元素,这些发育和结果上的特点为糊粉层是灌浆废物在表层胚乳积累形成提供了有力证据。

The periphery of the endosperm of wheat forms an epidermis-like layer called the aleurone. During the development of caryopsis, the aleurone transports carbohydrates into the endosperm and embryo. The mierostructure and ultrastructure of wheat caryopsis in the different phase of development were studied by resin embedding combined with semi-thin section and TEM technology. The means of SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to study the surface characters and elements percentage of the aleurone layer. The initiation, development and potential function of how endosperm cells transfer into aleurone layer of cells were under extensive studies. The study indicated that the development program of wheat aleurone layer could be divided into five stages. Mature aleurone ceils accumulated amount of proteins, lipids and minerals such as P, K, Ca, Mg etc, but little starch, this is very different with endosperm cells. The character of development and structure is one of power evidences, it has proved The waste of grain-filling which could not be absorbed by starchy endosperm cells accumulated in the periphery of the endosperm to form the aleurone layer.