适足住房权实现之国家义务研究

On the State Obligation to Accomplish the Right to Adequate Housing

适足住房权是指公民有权获得可负担得起的适宜于人类居住的、有良好的物质设备和基础服务设施的、具有安全、健康和尊严,并不受歧视的住房的权利。它主要包括:居住权、安全与健康权(或称舒适权)、住宅公平权、住宅隐私权、住房选择偏好权、住宅救济权以及住宅不受侵犯权和自由处分的权利。人权实现与国家义务之间存在密切的内在关联,对于人权的实现国家既具有消极义务,更具有积极义务。我国政府在公民适足住房权实现上具有不可推卸的义务,应从尊重、保护、促进和实现四个方面对国家义务进行分析,使之具有较强的体系性和可行性。

The right to adequate housing is a basic citizens＇ right to gain the house which is affordable, suitable, safe, healthy, non -discrimination, and with good physical equipment and facility for basic services. This right includes the housing right, the right to security and health （ or comfortable right）, fair housing right, residential privacy, option right to housing preference, housing remedies, housing inviolability right and freely disposal right. Close relationship exists between human rights accomplishment and the states obligation, which is more positive than negative. Our State government has the very obligation to accomplish the right to adequate housing which cannot be shirked. Specifically, such obligation covers four aspects to respect, to safeguard, to sible promote and to accomplish the housing right, so as to make the obligation more systemic and feasible.