历史时期宁夏居住形式的演变及其与环境的关系

The Development of the Residence Types and their Relations with the Environment in Ningxia in History

宁夏地区历史时期人口居住形式的主体包括城居和乡居两种基本形式。乡居形式的出现和中原地区在时间上没有明显的差别,但比城居形式出现的时间要早得多,在以后的历史进程中变化也比较频繁。而城居形式的出现明显要比中原地区晚,在类型上主要有郡县体制下的行政城镇、军事城堡和商业市镇三种类型。其中,商业市镇出现最晚;郡县体制下的行政城镇居住形式在以后的历史运动中基本稳定,变化不大;军事城堡式居住形式在宋、夏和明代最为突出。城居形式和乡居形式在空间分布上明显地受到当地自然环境的结构性限制,一些军事城堡则与具体的军事环境密切相关。在传统农牧业经济体制和社会结构下,这种居住格局难以超越自然环境的总体限制,因而也不可能有实质性的改变。

The main residence types in Ningxia are city - resided and villeggiatura in history. The existence of villeggiatura in Ningxia and the Central Plain is nearly at the same time, which is a little earlier than the city - resided, and is changed frequently later. While the city - resided type obviously exists later than the Central Plain with three main types of administrative town, military castle and commercial town under the prefecture - county system, in which the commercial town is the latest to occur. The administrative town changes little in the later historical movements and the military castle is the major type in the Song, Xia and Ming dynasties. The divisions of the city - resided and villeggiatura are obviously affected by the local environment, while some military castles are affected by the military environment. These residence types are limited by the natural environment under the economic system of agriculture and animal husbandry, so no real changes happen.