提高植物农杆菌转化效率辅助策略研究进展

A Review of Some Assisted Strategies for Improving the Efficiency of Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation

农杆菌介导是目前转基因植物研究采用的主要方法,不同植物间利用农杆菌转化的转化效率差异很大,高效农杆菌转化体系对于转基因植物产业化和功能基因组学等研究具有重要意义。总体而言,影响农杆菌转化效率的因素主要包括基因型、外植体及其生理状态、农杆菌菌株、培养基成分、共培养条件等。对于一些难转化的植物来说,辅助因素对转化效率的提高起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了影响农杆菌转化效率的一些辅助因素及其作用,包括植物材料微创伤处理和干燥处理、培养基中抗氧化剂和表面活性剂使用、农杆菌中额外拷贝Vir和植物细胞中VIP(VirE2 interacting protein)过表达、载体上核基质附着序列引入等,以期为进一步改进难转化作物如小麦、大豆等农杆菌介导的遗传转化效率提供参考。

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the main methods for plant transformation, however, its efficiency varies among different plant species. It is important to develop an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in various crop species for the development of new economically important traits and for the study of functional genomics. Many factors influence the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants, such as genotypes, explant sources and their physiological status, Agrobacterium strains, culture media, and conditions of co-cultivation. Some assisted techniques or factors have been thought to be useful in improving the efficiency of some plants which are highly recalcitrant to conventional Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. In this paper, some of the factors, in particular microwounding, desiccation of target plant tissues, addition of antioxidants and surfactants to the culture media, over-expressions of additional copies of Vir gene in Agrobacterium and VIP （VirE2 interacting protein） gene in plant, and construction of matrix attachment regions （MAR） were discussed. This information could be valuable for the improvement of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of highly recalcitrant plants like wheat and soybean.