小麦1BL/1RS和7DL·7Ag易位对小麦主要农艺性状的遗传效应

Genetic Effects of Chromosome Translocations 1BL/1RS and 7DL·7Ag on the Main Agronomic Traits of Common Wheat

为了解染色体易位对小麦农艺性状的影响,以豫农982(1BL/1RS易位系)和wheatear(7DL.7Ag易位系)杂交后代的900个F2群体及其F2∶3家系为实验材料,对F2群体进行1BL/1RS易位和7DL.7Ag易位类型的分子检测,并对F2群体及F2∶3家系的主要农艺性状进行田间调查(F2群体的农艺性状仅作参考,重点分析F2∶3家系的农艺性状)。结果表明,(1)STS标记Lr19130与SSR引物Xgwm428联合使用可作为共显性标记鉴定纯合与杂合的7DL.7Ag易位,完善了7DL.7Ag易位的分子检测方法;(2)1BL/1RS易位可显著降低株高,提高穗粒数与小穗数;(3)7DL.7Ag易位在籽粒千粒重和饱满度上有显著的正向作用,但7DL.7Ag易位的穗粒数显著低于非7DL.7Ag易位,且有延迟小麦成熟和增加株高的趋势;(4)1BL/1RS和7DL.7Ag双重易位可同时提升小穗数和千粒重,但穗粒数减少。

The 1BL/1RS translocation and 7DL ·7Ag translocation have been widely used by wheat breeders to enhance agronomic performance and disease resistance. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic effects of 1BL/1RS and 7DL ·7Ag chromosome translocations on the main agro- nomic traits of wheat. A total of 900 F2 population and F2.3 family derived from the cross Yunong 982 （1BL/1RS translocation） / wheatear （TDL · 7Ag translocation） were planted in Yangling of Shaanxi Province during 2009--2011. The chromosome translocation types of F2 population were identified u- sing SSR and STS. In addition, a total of 15 traits of the two parents, F2 population and F2. a family, such as plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, thousand-grain weight, grain weight per spike and days from emergeto maturity, were investigated （this study took the agronomic traits of F2 population as a reference, the main agronomic traits of F2.3 family were the key point of this study）. The F-test and multiple comparisons of the agronomic traits of no-translocation lines, homozygous 1BL/1RS translocation lines, homozygous 7DL ~ TAg translocation lines and double translocation lines （1BL/1RS, 7DL ~ 7Ag） in F2,3 families were conducted using the SAS 8. 2 System. The results showed that：（1） STSLr191so maker and Xgwm428 marker were identified, which could effectively dis- tinguish the heterozygous 7DL · 7Ag translocation from homozygous 7DL ·7Ag translocation when they were used together. （2） A significantly higher grain number per spike and spikelet number, reduced plant height in 1BL/1RS translocation lines were observed. （3） Compared with no-7DL · TAg lines, the 7DL ·TAg lines showed significantly higher thousand-grain weight, seed plumpness and plant height. However, a significantly lower grain number per spike and the slightly but significantly longer days from emerge to maturity in 7DL ·TAg lines were observed. （4） Double translocation line （1BL/1RS, 7DL · TAg） showed a significantly higher spikelet number and thousand grain weight, but a lower grain number per spike.