酒店从业人员胜任力模型及其与工作经历之关系研究——以澳门酒店业为例

The Construction of Competence Model and the Relationship to Employee's Work Experience:a Case Study of Macao

胜任力概念的提出为人力资源管理提供了更具针对性的工具和方向。人力资源是酒店业中的重要竞争要素,但是,目前相关研究还不丰富,研究内容也主要停留在酒店员工胜任力的结构和特征等方面。为此,从酒店从业人员胜任力的构成出发,研究了酒店从业人员工作经验对胜任力水平的影响机制。研究表明,酒店从业人员胜任力可分为4个维度,即知识技能模块、价值认知模块、个性特质模块及行为模式模块,其中价值认知模块对胜任力水平的贡献最高,知识技能模块对胜任力水平的贡献度最低。工作经验的定性变量对胜任力的影响,以及工作经验中的数量变量对胜任力的影响较为显著。此外,通过对隶属不同部门和从事不同性质工作的受访者数据进行分析,在酒店部门和不同性质工作间,工作经验的定性变量、定量变量和时间变量对胜任力的影响存在一定的差异。

The concept of competence provides an effective tool for human resource management. For hotel industry, the employ- ee is the key resource to the successful competition. However, the researches on hotel employees＇ competence are mainly focusing on the content and structure of the competence. The paper looks into the work experience＇ s impact on the employees＇ competence in hotel industry. By using survey method, data about the working experience and competence of the hotel employees have been collected, a model of competence has been set up and the impact mechanism tested. It found out that the competence of hotel em- ployee consists of 4 factors： knowledge and skill; value perception; personal features; behavior model. Where the contribution to competence from value perception is the highest while from knowledge and skill is the lowest. Among the work experience, the quality section and the quantity section have the outstanding impact on the competence. Besides, the impact mechanism of the work experience is different among departments and jobs.