驻马店主要土类玉米小麦一体化施用钾肥效应研究

Study on Potash Fertilizer Application Effect in Wheat-maize Rotation System of Zhumadian Main-type Soils

[目的]研究驻马店主要土类玉米小麦钾肥合理用量。[方法]根据植物营养学原理,设计5个处理,研究驻马店砂姜黑土区和潮土区玉米小麦周年轮作制下施钾效应及土壤钾素的变化。[结果]在土壤速效钾含量中等的砂姜黑土和潮土上玉米、小麦施用钾肥增产效果显著;潮土点钾肥用量增加,玉米小麦产量和产值也逐渐增加;砂姜黑土点玉米季施钾效应和潮土点相同,小麦季NPK150处理(P2O575 kg/hm2,K2O 150.0 kg/hm2)产量和产值最高。潮土点、砂姜黑土点钾肥用量的增加钾素的盈余也呈增加趋势。潮土区玉米小麦轮作年钾肥推荐量(K2O)为300 kg/hm2,玉米小麦两季钾肥推荐分配比为1∶1;砂姜黑土区年推荐施钾量(K2O)为262.5 kg/hm2,玉米小麦两季钾肥推荐分配比为1∶0.75。[结论]研究结果为驻马店市农业生产提供了参考。

The aim was to explore reasonable amount of potash fertilizer on wheat-maize in Zhumadian. [Method] Potash fertilizer application effect and soil K change in wheat-maize rotation system of lime concretion black soil and alluvial soil in Zhumadian City of Henan province were studied with five treatments. [Rsult] The results showed that there existed remarkable yield increase effect at middle-level available K in lime concretion blaek soil and alluvial soil. The yMd and output value of wheat and maize increased as the K rate increased in alluvial soil. In lime concretion black soil area, the yield and output value of maize was similar to alluvial soil, yet the yield and output value of wheat was the highest in NPK150 treatment （P205 75 kg/hm2, K20 150.0 kg/hm2）, K surplus for both locations increased with the K application rate increasing. 300 kg/hm2 was the suitable potash fertilizer application rate with the ratio of 1：1 for maize and wheat season in alluvial soil, yet 262.5 kg/hm2 was the suitable potash fertilizer application rate with ratio of 1：0.75 with maize and wheat season in lime concretion black soil. [Conclusion] The results provided reference for agricultural production of Zhumadian City.