论康德实践理性的三重维度:内在、先验和超验

Three Dimensions of Kant's Practical Reason:Immanence,Transzendental and Transzendent

在康德哲学特别是在其道德哲学中,"实践理性"是一个基础性的概念,在通常的理解模式中,人们会将其与"思辨理性"来进行对照性的理解。然而,这往往致使我们忽视了"实践理性"概念在康德道德哲学内部所具有的独立特征和丰富意蕴。因此,该文将视线集中于这一概念自身,厘清出它的三重基本维度:内在、先验和超验,并从中梳理出康德进行实践理性论证所展现出来的自由的理念(意志自由)——自由的法则(道德法则)——自由的世界(道德王国)的逻辑线索,在深化对实践理性自身理解的同时,勾勒出康德道德哲学体系的全景。

In Kant＇s philosophy, especially in his moral philosophy, practical reason is a fundamental concept. In general, the researchers often interpret this concept by comparing it with theoretical reason, which would make us ignore the independent characteristics and the diverse meanings of practical reason itself in Kant＇s moral philosophy. Therefore, in this paper, the writer focuses on this specific concept to articulate its three basic dimensions： immanence, transzendental and transzendent and to identify the logical clues in Kant＇s argument： the idea of freedom （the freedom of the will） - the law of freedom （the moral law） - the world of freedom （the moral kingdom）. As such, we can deepen our comprehension concerning the practical reason; meanwhile, the system of Kant＇s moral philosophy would be outlined.