中小学校长工作压力及应对与心理健康关系

Effect of job pressure on mental health and its machanism among primary and secondary school principals

目的探讨中小学校长工作压力、社会支持、应对方式与心理健康关系,为提高中小学校长心理健康水平提供依据。方法整群抽取贵州省某地区中小学校长培训班的培训学员180人,使用中小学校长工作压力问卷、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷和自测健康评定量表进行调查,并利用结构方程模型软件Amos 6.0进行路径分析。结果中小学校长总体工作压力平均分为(3.14±0.96)分(理论范围1～5分),其中考试升学得分压力最高,为(3.03±1.00)分,人际关系压力得分最低,为(1.99±0.89)分,总体工作压力处于中等水平;中小学校长心理健康平均分为(84.29±14.28)分(理论范围0～120分),其心理健康水平处于中等偏上水平;中小学校长工作压力、社会支持总分、主观支持和积极应对与心理健康水平的相关均有统计学意义(P<0.05);结构方程模型结果表明,工作压力直接影响个体心理健康水平,主观支持通过中介作用影响工作压力和心理健康的关系,主观支持通过积极应对方式对心理健康有间接影响。结论中小学校长主观支持与积极应对在工作压力和心理健康关系中起中介作用。

Objective To explore the relationship between job pressure,social support,and coping style and mental health among primary and secondary school principals.Methods A total of 180 school principals were selected with cluster sampling from a principal training class in Guizhou province.The participants were surveyed with Principal Job Pressure Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）,and Self-Rated Health Measurement Scale（SRHMS）.A path analysis was carried out by AMOS version 6.0.Results The job pressure in the principals was at moderate level and the average score of overall job pressure was 3.14±0.96（theoretical range of 1-5）,in which the maximum was entrance exam pressure（3.03±1.00） and the minimum was relationship pressure（1.99±0.89）.The mental health of the principals was at moderate and upper level and the average score of mental health was 84.29±14.28（theoretical range of 1-120）.Job pressure,social support,subjective support,and positive coping were significantly related to mental health（P〈0.05）.The structural equation model showed that the job pressure had both direct and indirect effects on mental health with the mediation effect of subjective support and indirect effect of positive coping.Conclusion The subjective support and positive coping have mediation effect on the relationship between job pressure and mental health in primary and middle shcool principals.