甘肃省大学生乙肝疫苗接种与健康教育效果评价

Evaluation on effects of HB vaccine inoculation and health education among undergraduates of Gansu province

目的评价甘肃省实施大学生乙肝疫苗接种与乙肝知识健康教育项目的效果。方法采用分层整群抽样法,在项目实施前后,分别抽取甘肃省7所大学在校大学生,问卷调查乙肝疫苗接种状况、乙肝防治知识知晓状况、对乙肝态度等,分析比较项目实施前后乙肝疫苗接种率、乙肝防治知识知晓率和对乙肝态度的变化。结果经过查漏补种,甘肃省在校大学生乙肝疫苗全程接种率从27.95%上升到97.14%;通过健康教育,大学生对乙肝主要传染途径的知晓率从31.35%提高到了68.18%(P<0.001),其他知识的回答正确率从63.92%～85.05%提高到84.32%～90.73%(均P<0.001);认为乙肝是一种严重疾病的比例从74.77%上升到88.42%(P<0.001);尽量回避与乙肝病毒携带者交往的比例从8.69%下降到1.82%,不介意与其共同进餐的比例从29.27%上升到64.57%(均P<0.001)。结论通过实施专题项目干预,甘肃省在校大学生乙肝疫苗全程接种率、乙肝防治基本知识知晓率有明显提高,大学生对乙肝病毒携带者恐惧或歧视心理明显改善。

Objective To evaluate the effects of hepatitis B（HB） vaccine inoculation and health education in undergraduates of Gansu province.Methods Questionnaire surveys on awareness rate and attitude about hepatitis B and the immunization coverage rate of HB vaccine were conducted before and after implementation of the projects in Gansu province.Multiple stratified cluster sampling method was used in the survey.Results After the implementation of the projects,the HB virus vaccine full-course coverage rate among the students was improved from 27.95% to 97.14% compared with the baseline survey.The awareness rate of undergraduates about transmission way of hepatitis B was improved from 31.35% to 68.18%（P〈0.001）.The awareness rate about other hepatitis B knowledge was increased from 63.92%-85.05% to 84.32%-90.73%（P〈0.001）.The number of the undergraduates who thought hepatitis B being a serious illness was increased from 74.77% to 88.42%.The ratio of students trying to avoid contacting with HB virus carriers was decreased from 8.69% to 1.82%.And the ratio of students not minding eating together with HB virus carrier was increased from 29.27% to 64.57%（P〈0.001）.Conclusion Through implementation the project,the awareness of undergraduates about hepatitis B is obviously improved and the discrimination against HB virus carrier in the undergraduates decreased.The HB virus vaccines full-course coverage rates among the students are significantly increased.