铯原子里德堡态Stark能量及电偶极矩的测量和理论计算

Measurement and theoretical calculation for Stark energy and electric dipole moment of Cs Rydberg state

里德堡原子由于具有体积大、寿命长、易极化及在外电场中能级易于操控等特点,已经成为了目前物理学领域研究的热点之一.本文在磁光阱中实验测量了铯原子15P_(3/2)和16P_(3/2)态的Stark光谱,根据光谱给出了15P_(3/2)和16P_(3/2)|m|=1/2 Stark态在0—1400 V/cm场强范围适用的Stark能量和偶极矩的经验性解析表达式;用数值方法求解薛定谔方程获得了这些态的Stark能量、偶极矩和电子几率密度分布.电子几率密度分布定性说明了计算的偶极矩矢量的方向是正确的.计算的Stark能量、偶极矩与实验结果相一致.

Rydberg atoms has been one of the hot current research subjects in the field of physics becasue of its large volume, long life, easy polarization and energy levels easily controlled by external electric field. In this paper, the Stark energies and electric dipole moments of 15/93/2 and 16/93/2 of atomic cesium are measured experimentally. The empirical analytic equations of dipole moments and Stark energies for these two states are presented. We also numerically solve the Schr/Sdinger equation and obtain Stark energies, dipole moments, and electron probability density distributions. The probability density distribution accords with the calculated dipole moments. The Stark energies and dipole moments are consistent with our experimental results. To the best of our knowledge, the measurement and calculation methods for dipole moments presented in this paper are reported for the first time.