德占时期青岛的卫生防疫体系

The health and epidemic prevention system of Qingdao in the German occupation period

1897年，德国派兵占领青岛，开始了对青岛长达17年的奴役。在此期间，德国殖民政府为了维护其殖民统治而采取了一系列的卫生防疫措施：采取改善居住条件、解决饮用水问题、下水道建设和污水粪便的处理、垃圾处理等措施以改善青岛的卫生状况；设置专职的防疫机构，包括疫情管理机构、疫情报告机构、疫情免疫机构、疫情治疗机构等，以应对疫情；同时还颁布了一系列以预防传染病为主的法规和法令，并由警察局加以监督、执行。这些措施在一定程度上促进了青岛卫生防疫体系的行政化、法制化和职业化，初步实现了青岛卫生防疫机制的近代转型。

In 1893, the German army occupied Qingdao and the 17 -year -long control began. During the occupation period, the German colonial government had taken a series of health and epidemic prevention measures, including solving the drinking water problem, improving living conditions, sewer con- strnction, and sewage and garbage disposal to promote the level of sanitation. They also established epidem- ic prevention and treatment institutions, including epidemic administration and reporting. A series of rules for epidemic prevention were put forward and executed by police officers. Those measures played a role in the administration, legalization and professionalization of the health and epidemic prevention system in Qing- dao and initiated the preliminary modem transformation of the health prevention mechanism.