飞行人员动脉硬化早期检测及相关危险因素分析

Early Detection of Arteriosclerosis in Pilots and Related Risk Factor Analysis

目的观察飞行人员早期动脉硬化情况,分析其相关危险因素。方法检测134例住院飞行人员肱-踝脉搏波传导速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV)、踝臂指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)和颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),并与动脉硬化相关危险因素指标进行相关统计分析。结果歼击机与强击机组baPWV增高发生率明显高于其他机种组(P<0.05)。baPWV正常组与baPWV升高组间吸烟、年龄、血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、收缩压及舒张压差异显著(P<0.05);颈动脉正常组与颈动脉硬化组间甘油三酯、收缩压及舒张压差异显著(P<0.05)。将baPWV升高与相关临床危险因素间进行多因素相关分析显示,吸烟、高血糖、高胆固醇及高低密度脂蛋白血症、收缩压和舒张压升高是动脉僵硬度增高的独立危险因素(P<0.05);将颈动脉硬化与相关临床危险因素间进行多因素相关分析显示,收缩压升高是动脉僵硬度增高的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论飞行人员中有一定的动脉硬化发生率。吸烟、高血糖、高胆固醇及高低密度脂蛋白血症,尤其是血压升高对飞行人员动脉硬化发病有明显影响。

Objective To observe the indexes of early factors. Methods Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity arteriosclerosis in the pilots and analyze its related risk （baPWV）, ankle brachial index （ABI） and intima- media thickness （IMT） of 134 hospitalized pilots were measured, and their relationship with related risk fac- tors of arteriosclerosis was statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of increased baPWV in the fighter group and attacker group were significantly higher than that from other groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Smoking rate, age, blood glucose, blood triglycerides, total blood cholesterol, LDL, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different between the group with normal baPWV and the group with increased baPWV（P 〈 0.05 ）, blood triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different between the group with normal carotid arteries and the group with sclerosesed carotid arteries （P 〈 0.05 ）. Multi-factor correlation analysis between increased baPWV and related clinical risk factors demonstra- ted that smoking, hyperglycemia, high cholesterol and high LDL, high systolic blood pressure and high dias- tolic blood pressure were independent risk factors of increased stiffness of arteries（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Multi-factor cor- relation analysis between selerosesed carotid arteries and related clinical risk factors demonstrated that high systolic blood pressure was an independent risk factor of increased stiffness of arteries （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion There is an incidence of arteriosclerosis in pilots. Smoking, hyperglycemia, high cholesterol and high LDL, especially increased blood pressure, significantly affect the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis in pilots.