超声诊断在老年慢性肾病中的应用价值研究

Application of Ultrasonic Diagnosis for Chronic Kidney Diseases in Elderly Patients

目的比较慢性肾病(CKD)与肾功能正常的老年人肾脏结构的差异,探讨超声诊断在老年CKD中的诊断价值。方法将肾脏体积缩小的老年人根据肾小球滤过率估算值(eGFR)分为CKD组80例和对照组80例,对两组的肾脏体积、肾实质厚度、肾实质面积、肾实质面积/肾脏总面积值(PA/TA)等多项超声测量参数进行对比分析。结果两组肾脏的超声测量参数比较,除肾窦面积外其余差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),eGFR与肾脏长径、肾体积、肾实质厚度、肾实质面积呈显著相关(P=0.000)。结论老年人肾脏有生理性缩小的特点,而CKD的肾脏结构改变与生理性改变之间存在一定差异,应用超声测量判断老年肾脏结构的改变,可以为临床及时诊断CKD提供有价值的依据。

Objective To compare the renal structural difference between elderly patients with chronic kidney diseases（CKD） and elderlies with normal renal function so as to discusses the value of ultrasonic diagnosis in elderly patients with CKD.Methods According to estimated glomerular filtration rate（eGFR）,the senior people whose kidney volume was reduced were divided into CKD group（n=80） and control group（n=80）.The renal volume,renal parenchymal thickness,and renal parenchymal area / total area of the kidney（PA/TA） of the ultrasonic parameters between the two groups were comparatively analyzed.Results The renal ultrasound measurement parameters except renal sinus area showed statistically significant differences（P〈0.05）,and eGFR and measured ultrasonic values were significantly correlated（P=0.000）.Conclusion The kidney of the elderly has a physiologically shrunk feature,and the structural change of the kidney in CKD is different from the physiological change.Ultrasound measurements can determine the kidney structural changes for the elderly and thus provide a valuable evidence for timely diagnosis of CKD clinically.