精神分裂症和情感障碍患者的就业价值观及其预测因素研究

Employment Values of Patients with Schizophrenia or Affective Disorder and Predictive Factors

目的研究精神分裂症和情感障碍患者的就业价值观及其预测因素。方法利用简单随机抽样的方法,在陕西地区3所精神疾病专科医院选择利用康复程序进行治疗并同意参与本研究的恢复期精神分裂症和情感障碍患者755人作为研究对象,采用就业价值观量表、保护者期待量表、自我尊重感量表、朋友支持、专家支持量表和一般能力水平量表进行调查。统计学处理采用χ2检验、t检验和多元线性回归分析。结果 (1)精神分裂症患者和情感障碍患者的就业价值观间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其就业价值观的预测因素朋友支持、保护者期待、一般能力水平、就业经验之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而生活质量、就业期望、专家支持、自我尊重感、年龄、入院次数等因素之间的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)精神分裂症和情感障碍患者的就业价值观预测模型的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),影响精神分裂症患者就业价值观的预测因素按顺序依次为自我尊重感、专家支持、保护者期待、朋友支持、就业期待、一般能力水平、年龄等,总说服力为66.0%,而影响情感障碍患者就业价值观的预测因素按顺序依次为保护者期待、一般能力水平、专家支持、自我尊重感、朋友支持、就业期望、生活质量等,总说服力为69.0%。结论影响精神分裂症和情感障碍患者就业价值观的共同预测因素有自我尊重感、专家支持、保护者期待、朋友支持、就业期待、一般能力水平。提示精神分裂症和情感障碍患者的就业价值观的认知、动机和社会支持对其社会康复及生活质量的提高起着重要的作用。

Objective To compare the employment values between the patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder and their predictive factors.Methods The simple random sampling was taken to enroll 755 patients with convalescent schizophrenia and affective disorders,who had received rehabilitation treatments in 3 psychiatric hospitals in Shanxi Province.The Job Value Rating Scale,Protectors′ Expectation Rating Scale,Sense of Self-respect Rating Scale,Friends′ Support Rating Scale,Experts′ Support Rating Scale,and Activity of Daily Living scale（ADL） were used for survey.And the χ2 test,t test and multiple linear regression analysis were taken statistically.Results（1）There was statistical significance between patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders（P0.05）.（2） Employment value prediction models of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders were statistically different（P〈0.05）.The factors influencing employment values of the schizophrenia patients ranged in sense of self-respect,experts′ support,protectors′ expectation,friends′ support,employment expectation,general ability and age;and the total cogency was 66.0%.The factors influencing employment values of the affective disorder patients ranged in protectors′ expectation,general ability,experts′ support,sense of self-respect,friends′ support,employment expectation,and life quality;and the total cogency amounted to 69.0%.Conclusion The common predictive factors for patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders are sense of self-respect,experts′ support,protectors′ expectation,friends′ support,employment expectation,and general ability,which suggests the cognition,motivation and social support in employment value of the patients play an important role for the improvement of their social rehabilitation and life quality.