广州市吸毒人员感染HIV的危险因素研究

Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Drug Users in Guangzhou

目的探讨广州市吸毒人群感染HIV的危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,以44例HIV阳性的吸毒人员为病例组,86例HIV阴性的吸毒人员为对照组,分别调查两组人群HIV感染相关的影响因素,以判断哪些因素与感染HIV相关。结果 HIV阳性组注射吸毒的占79.5%,显著高于HIV阴性组的60.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.787,P=0.029);在注射吸毒的人群中,HIV阳性组共用注射器的比例为88.6%,显著高于HIV阴性组的69.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.420,P=0.036)。HIV阴性组在高危性行为时使用安全套的比例是79.1%,显著高于HIV阳性组的56.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.078,P=0.008)。吸毒人员对艾滋病的传播途径有一定的了解,但是主动采取防护的意识并不高,HIV阳性组只有27.3%的人在高危行为时有意识采取防护措施,显著低于HIV阴性组的55.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.541,P=0.002)。结论注射吸毒、共用注射器、不使用安全套、主动防护意识不高是造成吸毒人员HIV感染的主要危险因素。

Objective To explore the risk factors of HIV infection for the drug users in Guangzhou.Methods Case-control study was used for 44 drug users with HIV positive as the case group and 86 drug users with HIV negative as control group to determine the factors associated with HIV infection.Results Injection drug users（IDU） in the HIV positive group accounted for 79.5%,being significantly higher than those in the HIV negative group（60.5%）（χ2=4.787,P=0.029）.In the IDU population,the sharing syringes ratio in the HIV positive group was 88.6%,being significantly higher than 69.2% in the HIV negative group（χ2=4.420,P=0.036）.The condom use ratio in high-risk sexual behavior was 79.1% in the HIV negative group,significantly higher than 56.8% in the HIV positive group（χ2=7.078,P=0.008）.Drug addicts have had a certain understanding on the spreading channels of AIDS,but their initiative protection awareness was not high.Only 27.3% in the HIV positive group consciously took protective measures in high-risk behavior,being significantly lower than 55.8% in the HIV negative group（χ2=9.541,P=0.002）.Conclusion Injection drug use,needle sharing,condom nonuse,inactive protection awareness were the major risk factor to cause HIV infection in drug addict population.