家庭病床患者一般健康状况调查分析

Survey and Analysis of General Health State of Domestic Sickbed Patients

目的了解家庭病床患者的一般健康状况,分析其存在的问题,提出合理化建议。方法采用分层随机抽样方法对浦东新区301例家庭病床患者进行问卷调查。结果家庭病床患者平均年龄(81.9±4.8)岁,与子女同住者占52.2%;以退休金为主要收入来源者占94.3%;有基本医疗保险者占96.7%;24 h有人照顾者占81.7%。家庭病床患者主要疾病为脑血管意外后遗症(53.8%)和糖尿病(21.6%);同时患有3～4种慢性疾病者最多,均占21.6%;服药>3种者占96.7%;给药方式以口服者为主,占96.3%;患者均有听力和视力下降。家庭病床患者照顾者平均年龄(60.8±12.9)岁,家庭聘用人员占81.7%,初中以下文化程度者占64.8%;接受过护理培训者占5.6%,接受过家政培训者占11.3%;全天照顾者占79.1%;能完全满足患者需求者占14.6%。结论家庭病床患者年龄偏大,大多数生活无法自理,并患有多种疾病。开展家庭护理能够使得有照顾需求的患者获得专业健康照护服务。

Objective To understand the general health state of domestic sickbed patients and to analyze existing problems in the care of the domestic sickbed patients in order to put forward developmental strategies.Methods Questionnaire survey on 301 domestic sickbed patients from Pudong District was conducted by using stratified random sampling method.Results The average age of domestic sickbed patients was（81.9±4.8） and 52.2% of them were living with their children.94.3% of the patients relied on pension as their main source of income,96.7% of the patients had basic medical insurance and 81.7% of the patients had 24 h care from their caregivers.The main diseases among domestic sickbed patients were sequelae of cerebrovascular apoplexy（53.8%） and diabetes（21.6%）,21.6% of the patients suffered from three or four chronic diseases,96.7% of the patients took more than three kinds of medicines and 96.3% of them took the medicine per os.All the patients had hearing loss and impaired vision.The average age of the caregivers was（60.8±12.9）,and 81.7% of them were family hired.64.8% of the caregivers had junior high school or lower educational levels,5.6% of the caregivers received care training,11.3% of them received domestic service training,79.1% of the caregivers gave full-time care and 14.6% of them could satisfy the patients′ needs.Conclusion The domestic sickbed patients are mainly elder people,and most of them lack self-care ability and suffer from multiple diseases.Implementation of domestic care can guarantee professional medical and health care for domestic sickbed patients in need.