洪泽湖的成因及其水灾治理

Research on the Causes of Formation and Flood Control in the Hongze Lake

洪泽湖的成因主要有地质、水文、人为等因素,其中地壳断裂形成的凹陷,是洪泽湖形成的自然因素;黄河夺淮是形成洪泽湖雏形的客观因素;大筑高家堰是洪泽湖完全形成的人为因素,也是决定性因素。洪泽湖洪灾频发的主要原因有暴雨、黄河夺淮带来的泥沙淤积、人水争地引起的湖泊库容较少等因素,据此提出治理洪泽湖水灾的主要措施,包括续建以增加河道泄洪能力为目标的入海水道二期工程和现有行洪河道的整修和加固;适当提高正常蓄水位及汛限水位,增加兴利库容;严禁围湖造田,加强河湖保护和水土保持;在低洼地区扩大水稻种植面积减轻洪涝损失等4个方面。

Geological, hydrological, anthropogenic factors contribute most to the formation of Hongze Lake. Among the 3 factors, the fault depression of the earth crust is the natural factor; a great deal of sediments brought from the Yel- low River during it capturing the Huaihe River is the objective factor, creating embryonic form of the lake; and fortified and raised Gaojia Dam is not only the human factor, but also the decisive fac- tor for the lake＇s formation. Main rea- sons for the frequent flood in the Hongze Lake lie in 3 aspects： heavy rain, huge sediments brought from the Yellow Riv- er and less lake capacity caused by the locals＇ struggling for land resources be- tween human and water. Therefore, the following measures could be taken to control the flood in the Hongze Lake, （1） building the second stage project of river channel into the Yellow Sea, renovating and reinforcing the existing river chan- nel as the goal of increasing flood dis- charge ability; （2） increasing the normal water level and flood control water level appropriately to enlarge the benefit lake capacity; （3） prohibiting reclaimed land from lakes and strengthening the protec- tion of soil and water conservation; （4） expanding rice planting area in the low-lying zones for reducing loss from flood.