两种无尾类发声器官的初步观察

Preliminary observation of vocal organs of two anurans(Rana chensinensis and Bufo raddei)(Anura)

应用大体解剖和组织学方法对中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)和花背蟾蜍(Buforaddei)的发声器官进行了初步观察和比较。结果表明:中国林蛙有独立的前杓状软骨和枕声带,而花背蟾蜍则没有上述结构。花背蟾蜍的声带侧部为规则致密结缔组织构成的膜状结构,并且前端有一对肉质化的纤维小球,喉室末端有一对后膜,而中国林蛙的声带侧部由无规则致密结缔组织构成的肉质化纤维柱状结构,喉室的末端无后膜结构。前者的声带中部为一对厚度均匀的膜系结构。而后者声带中部在不同区域也存在明显的差异,中国林蛙的声囊类型为咽侧内声囊,花背蟾蜍的声囊类型为咽下内声囊。统计分析表明二者声带中部的相对长度和宽度分别存在显著性和极显著性的差异。最后,初步分析了喉部结构差异对声音产生的影响,为揭示蛙科与蟾蜍科叫声特异性提供了理论依据。

Vocal organs in Rana chensinensis were preliminarily compared with Bufo raddei with anatomic and histological methods.The results shown that Rana chensinensis had cartilago prearytenoedeas and pulvinaria vocalias,but Bufo raddei did not have.The lateral portions of vocal cords in Bufo raddei were a pair of membranes composed of dense regular connective tissues,and in the mid of medial portion of vocal cords in Bufo raddei there are a pair of fibrious masses.At the end of laryngeal chambers Bufo raddei there are also a pair of posterior membrances.But the lateral portions of vocal cords in Rana chensinensis were composed of dense irregular connective tissues and had no posterior membrances.The difference of areas in medial portions of vocal cords were apparent in Rana chensinensis but in Bufo raddei no this character.The type of vocal sacs in Rana chensinensis was inner vocal sacs lateral to pharynx,but in Bufo raddei it was inner vocal sacs under pharynx.Compared with the two（Rana chensinensis and Bufo raddei） relative length and width of medial portions of vocal cords and laryngeal chambers,the results have statistics significance.In discussion,we analysized the influence of both vocal organs on sound production and it would supply basic information to understand the sounds difference in Bufonids and Ranids.