堕民与绍兴戏曲关系考

Probing into Relationship between Degenerate People and Traditional Dramas in Shaoxing

绍兴的戏曲传统绵长,这与绍兴"无戏不成俗"的地方文化密不可分。绍兴的地方戏是在为民俗生活服务过程中形成和发展起来的,作用最大的是堕民。堕民,并非乐户,以为平民家四时八节和人生礼仪提供趋吉避邪服务为生。在趋吉避邪服务中,堕民为达到娱神娱人目的,逐渐戏化仪式,融入戏曲成分,推动了地方戏曲的形成、传承和发展。这是笔者对堕民长达十年的田野调查过程中得到的结论。

The drama tradition in Shaoxing boasts a long history, which is inseparable with the local cul- ture that there is no custom without dramas. Local dramas in Shaoxing generate and develop in the process of serving for the folk life where degenerate people （ duomin ） play the biggest role. Those people make a living by providing such services as begging good luck and driving away evil spirits for local people in four seasons of the year and all festivals and rituals of life. During these services, they gradually dramatize the services and add drama elements formation so as to entertain people, and therefore advance the formation, inheritance and development of local dramas. This conclusion is reached after the author has made a ten- year field investigation of those people＇ s life.