换热器夹持矩形管板设计探索与实践

Study and Practice of Design of Clamped Rectangular Tubesheet Used in Heat Exchanger

换热器的矩形管板,在GB 151中和ASME标准中均没有此种管板计算的方法。在实际的工程设计中碰到了因为塔顶空间限制,必须要设计成为夹持矩形管板的换热器。阐述了对夹持矩形管板设计方法的研究过程,通过力学模型的分析,研究方形管板的结构特点和结构特征系数,探索管板计算的方法与思路,用实例比较了按照空冷器的管板计算方法、德国AD 2000标准中计算方法及修正后的GB 151计算方法的不同结果,初步确定一个管板厚度,再应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,按照JB 4732应力分析的方法,验证了初步设计厚度的安全性。整个计算过程对此类特殊换热器的矩形管板的设计进行了有益的探索,为此类典型的矩形管板的设计找到了有效的设计方法,积累了成功的经验。

There is no design method both in GB 151 and ASME standards for rectangular tubesheet. In practice, in view of the limit in space, it is necessary to use rectangular tubesheet. In this paper, the design method of this kind of structure was studied. By analyzing the mechanics model, the structure feature and structural characteristic factors of tubesheet were studied. With practical example, the results from calculation method for the tubesheet in air cooler, the method provided in AD 2000 and the modified method based on one in GB 151 were compared. Based on the comparison result, an original thickness of tubesheet was determined first, then, by using FEA software and according to the method provided in JB 4732, the safety for this thickness was checked. The design process for rectangular tubesheet has been proved to be effective in engineering, with which the successful experience was obtained.