晚期早产儿健康状况及其影响因素分析

Aanalysis of Health Status and Influential Factors in Late Premature Infants

目的研究晚期早产儿的健康与疾病状况及其影响因素。方法选2010年3月至2011年9月我院全部新生儿5238例,其中晚期早产儿110例为研究组,采用单纯随机抽样法选出足月儿220例为对照组。记录两组患儿健康状况及疾病,并对两组高危因素进行比较分析。结果研究组高胆红素血症、低体温、低血糖、呼吸窘迫、呼吸暂停、颅内出血、喂养不耐受、窒息、缺血缺氧性脑病的发生率均高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(颅内出血项P<0.05,其余均P<0.01);研究组治愈率低于对照组,病死率高于对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);研究组患儿母亲孕期高危因素(高龄、妊高征、胎膜早破、双胎/多胎、羊水异常、胎盘异常、孕期宫内感染)的发生率高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论我院晚期早产儿新生儿疾病的发生率及病死率均高于足月儿,高龄、妊高征、胎膜早破、双胎/多胎、羊水异常、胎盘异常、孕期宫内感染是导致晚期早产儿早产的高危因素,应引起高度重视。

Objective To study the health and disease status and influential factors in late preterm infants. Methods 110 cases of late preterm infants in 5 238 newborns in our hospital from March 2010 to September 2011 were selected as study group, and 220 cases of full-term infants by simple random sampling method as control group, to record the health and disease status, compare and analyze the risk factors of the two groups. Results High bilirubin blood syndrome, low temperature, low blood glucose, breath distress, breath apnea, cranial hemorrhage, feeding intolerance, asphyxia, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in the study group had higher incidence than those in the control group with statistically significant difference （cranial hemorrhage P〈0.05, the remaining P 〈0.01）; the study group had lower cure rate and higher mortality rate than the control group with statistically significant difference （all P〈0.05）; the pregnant mothers in the study group had higher risk factors （older age, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, twin / multiple births, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal placenta, and intrauterine infection during pregnancy） than the control groupwith statistically significant difference （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion Late preterm infants with neonatal diseases in our hospital have higher incidence and mortality rates than full-term infants. Older age, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, twin/multiple births, abnormal amniotic fluid, abnormal placenta, and intrauterine infection during pregnancy are the risk factors which lead to preterm delivery of late preterm infants.