高温均匀压力花岗岩热破裂声发射特性实验研究

Experimental study of acoustic emission of granite due to thermal cracking under high temperature and isostatic stress

为研究花岗岩体热破裂规律,通过实验研究了均匀压力(25 MPa)下大试件(200 mm×400 mm)花岗岩在常温～500℃范围的声发射变化规律及特性,探讨了各个阶段声发射信号反映的岩石破裂特性。研究表明:①330℃为花岗岩破裂声发射和热破裂性质转变的分界点,低于330℃,热破裂为弹性破裂,330℃以后,花岗岩出现局部塑性变形和破坏;②330℃以后,局部塑性破坏造成大量低能量释放率的声发射产生,声发射密集区由小部分能量率很大的声发射和数量很多、低能量释放率的声发射组成,声发射密集区整体上累积释放能量较低;③声发射振铃率发生突变可以作为花岗岩内部微破裂带开始形成的标志,花岗岩从110和420℃开始分别经历了2次大的热破裂裂纹网络的改善。

In order to obtain the rules of thermal cracking on granite, the evolution of the acoustic emission of granite sample（ φ200 mm×400 mm）within the temperature range from the room temperature to 500 ℃ under isostatic stress and the thermal cracking characteristics of the rock as manifested by the acoustic emissions in each stage were ana- lyzed and discussed based on experiments. It is shown in this research that 330 ℃ is the demarcation point of acoustic emission and hot rock changed. Thermal cracking is elastic rupture when temperature is lower than 330 ℃and it ap- pears a local plastic deformation and failure beyond 330 ℃ ;When the granite sample is heated to 330℃, a great num- ber of acoustic emission of lower energy rate occurres from local plastic failure. In concentrated area of acoustic emis- sion, most acoustic emission is in low energy rate and a little is in high energy rate, and the whole cumulative energy is lower than the cumulative energy at 330 ℃and below ; When the counts rate of acoustic emission abruptly changes, the micro-fracture zone of granite begins to form and the granite experiences two significant improvements of the thermal crack network respectively from the temperatures of 110℃ and 420 ℃.