将灾害风险管理和适应气候变化纳入可持续发展

Integrating Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation into Sustainable Development

IPCC发布的《管理极端事件和灾害风险,推进气候变化适应》特别报告(SREX)指出,极端事件和灾害的影响很大程度上取决于社会经济系统的风险暴露程度及其脆弱性特征。这意味着,不合理的发展过程将加剧灾害风险及其损失,另一方面,采取积极的减灾和适应行动,能够减小灾害风险并促进社会、经济、环境的可持续发展。SREX报告有助于启发决策者与社会公众,为充满不确定风险的未来进行合理规划,包括关注未来因人口和社会财富增长导致的暴露度和脆弱性增加,在国家和部门层面整合适应、减灾与发展政策,利用多种政策工具加强决策的科学性和灵活性,发挥不同主体在适应治理与灾害风险管理中的作用等等。

A special report of Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation （SREX） was launched by IPCC in November 2011. As SREX indicated with high confidence that, ＂The severity of the impacts of climate extremes depends strongly on the level of the exposure and vulnerability to these extremes.＂ And ＂Development practice, policy, and outcomes are critical to shaping disaster risk, which may be increased by shortcomings in development.＂ SREX suggested that ＂Social, economic and environmental sustainability can be enhanced by disaster risk management and climate change adaptation approaches＂. This paper debriefed the key messages of SREX from three topics, first, the interaction of extremes and development; second, how local, national and international systems strength disaster risk management and climate change adaptation; third, how to achieve for sustainable development with a changing climate. SREX suggested for decision makers and the public to plan for the future, to improve awareness for the future increasing exposure and vulnerability driven by population and wealth; to integrate with of adaptation, disaster reduction and development policies in national and sectoral agencies; to strengthen scientific and flexible decision making with multiple tools; to encourage different actors playing roles in adaptation governance and disaster risk management, and so on.