FXR促进肝脏再生作用的研究进展

Progress in understanding the role of FXR in promoting liver regeneration

肝脏具有再生的能力是众所周知的,他在部分切除或损伤后通过代偿增生的方式能够实现自我再生.法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)是配体激活转录因子的核激素受体超家族中的一员,胆汁酸是FXR的内源性配体.作为一种代谢调节因子,FXR在调节胆汁酸、脂质和葡萄糖的代谢中起到了至关重要的作用.近来,研究发现胆汁酸与其受体FXR结合激活细胞间的信号转导对肝再生起重要作用,胆汁酸/FXR信号通路是正常肝再生所必需的.此外,FXR能促进肝脏损伤后的修复,且FXR的活化能够减轻年龄相关性的肝脏再生缺陷.这些新的发现提示FXR介导的胆汁酸信号在正常肝再生中是一个不可或缺的组成部分,同时也突出了FXR配体对促进部分肝移植或肝癌切除术后的肝脏再生的潜在应用.这篇综述概述了FXR的基本资料和对肝脏再生作用的研究进展.

The regenerative capacity of the liver is well known,and it can regenerate itself by a compensatory regrowth in response to partial hepatectomy or injury.Farnesoid X receptor（FXR） is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors.Bile acids are FXR physiological ligands.As a metabolic regulator,FXR plays key roles in regulating metabolism of bile acids,lipids and glucose.Recently,activation of intercellular signal transduction has been shown to play an important role in liver regeneration by binding of bile acids to their receptor FXR.Bile acid/FXR signaling pathway is required for normal liver regeneration.Furthermore,FXR promotes liver repair after injury,and activation of FXR is able to alleviate age-related defective liver regeneration.These novel findings suggest that FXRmediated bile acid signaling is an important component of normal liver regeneration and highlight the potential use of FXR ligands to promote liver regeneration after segmental liver transplantation or resection of liver tumors.This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the role of FXR in promoting liver regeneration.