北方地区农业节水潜力分析

Analysis on Agricultural Water-saving Potential in North China

以北方某市为例,从水利工程、农业种植结构优化调整、农艺节水措施和管理4个方面采用不同的节水措施开展节水研究。通过示范区节水灌溉试验和SWAT模型情景分析,在现有技术水平和经济条件下,北方地区,平水年农业综合灌溉定额可从现状年的3 015m3/hm2减少至2 625 m3/hm2,枯水年农业综合灌溉定额可从现状年的3 300 m3/hm2减少至2 895 m3/hm2。较现状年,平水年可节水13%,枯水年可节水12%,可有效缓解农业缺水问题。

Taking a northern city as an example, water-saving research is carried out from four aspects of water-saving measures including hy- draulic engineering, agricultural planting structure optimization adjustment, agronomic water-saving measures and water-saving management and so on. Through water-saving irrigation experiment in demonstration area and the scenario analysis based on the SWAT model, the results show that under the current technology and economic conditions, comprehensive agricultural irrigation quota in the present year can be reduced from 3 015 m3/hm2 to 2 625 m3/hm2 in normal year, and from 3 300 m3/hm2 to 2 895 m3/hm2 in dry year, accordingly 13% and 12% irriga- tion water is saved in normal and dry year respectively. This will effectively alleviate agriculture water shortage problems.