中国旅游业技术效率及其分解的时空格局——基于DEA模型的研究

Analysis of the tourism efficiency and its decomposition based on DEA

以省(市)为核算单位,利用数据包络分析模型(DEA),评价1999～2008年间中国旅游产业技术效率,并将之分解为纯技术效率与规模效率,探寻旅游效率的时空特征及其演变的源泉。结论如下:(1)中国旅游业的综合技术效率平均值仅为0.330,1999～2008年间旅游效率呈现先下降后增加的趋势,由于受"非典"大爆发的影响,2003年旅游效率明显下降;(2)各省(市)旅游技术效率存在着明显的区域的差异,经济发展水平较高的东部地区,旅游效率较高。经济发展水平较低的中部和西部地区的旅游效率较低,二者均在全国平均效率水平以下;(3)纯技术效率和规模效率整体都不高,提升空间很大。从分解效率对总效率的贡献来看,纯技术效率对总效率的影响及制约能力略强于规模效率;(4)大部分省(市)旅游产业都处于规模报酬递增阶段,通过扩大规模可以获得更高的收益。

This article calculated tourism industry efficiency of China in 1999-2008 using the method of data envelopment analysis （DEA）, which could set multi input and output inde- xes, avoiding inadequacy of using only one input and output index. Then it classified the tourism industry efficiency into two categories, pure technological efficiency and scale effi- ciency for seeking the cause of diverse land production efficiency. The results suggest the following. （1） The tourism industry efficiency fluctuated in 1999-2008, with the average being 0. 330, indicating that tourism industry efficiency was low. （2） Tourism industry ef- ficiency was different among 31 provinces in China. A few provinces in eastern China had high tourism efficiency, while some provinces in central China and western China had low- er efficiency. （3） Tourism industry efficiency and pure technological efficiency had the same changing trend, which showed that the changes of tourism industry efficiency were mainly due to pure technological efficiency. （4） Almost all the provinces had an increasing trend.